Centers for Disease Control and Prevention †Free Samples

Question: Discuss about the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Answer: Introduction Electronic health record is the system maintained by the Federal Government of the United States . The main aim of this health record is to serve the benefits to the common people of te country along with the healthcare providers. The maintenance of electronic health record facilitates integration of data and sharing data among health providers (Ahmad and Brosio2015). In order to develop the health care management system Australian Federal Government needs a design for the implementation of the system. This study discusses about the advantages and the challenges associated with the health care record management system. In order to develop the required architecture for the healthcare record, the enterprise reference architecture is required. This enterprise reference architecture delivers the design which includes the design for the different blocks exists in the health care management system. This designing of the blocks are done through the systematic approach and the logical implem entation described in the enterprise reference architecture. In order to implement the system this paper focuses on the logical implementation approach which can be achieved by the application of the enterprise information architecture. The structure discussed in this paper and the logic of following the structure is based on the reference of the enterprise reference architecture. This includes logical architecture and conceptual architecture. The architecture will also reflects the benefits of the reference model. The next section information management and integration includes component relationship diagram, component interaction diagram and operational model along with challenges for management and integration of data. EIA RA for eHealth Some of the advantages of following the model of enterprise information architecture and reference architecture in the implementation of the health care record management system has been discussed through the impacts of the health record system in the following domain. Integration in enterprise- The EIA RA provides benefits to ensure interaction among enterprise entities to achieve electronic health record systems objective. The enterprise integration can be achieved in various ways and in various levels. These approaches are as follows: physical integration, application integration and business integration (Bussler2013). The physical integration includes interconnection of connecting machines and devices. The application integration involves integration of database systems and software applications. The business integration includes monitoring, managing and controlling of business processes. The other integration approach is enterprise integration to achieve consistent decision making for enterprise. Enterprise interoperability- The enterprise information architecture allows to store the relevant information in the various locations of the system indifferent formats such as database formats and conflicting formats. These provides that two systems are able to understand and to use each others functionality (Chang 2016). The Enterprise interoperability helps to interact, exchange and provide services between information systems. The three levels at the system those get advantages from it are the service process and the data. Data domains- This helps to provide accurate truth from a specific source and correct information at the right time to central services of eHealth (Charter and Tischner2017). The main advantage of using the data domain is that it allows the single approach the the data service related t the master data, metadata along with the unstructured contetnt of the information and the operational data. The integration provided by the enterprise information delivers management and integration of the central service. Interaction and Information systems- The interaction of the information system delivers the functionality by managing the internal and external staffs and using the channels and the services for the presentation of the system. Conceptual form of architecture This level of the architecture helps to define the security of the electronic health record system. The effectiveness of the conceptual part also defines the relevance of the helath record in delivering its objective. In order to develop the health record system the architecture follows the concepts provided by the enterprise architecture. The architecture overview diagram is the architecture through which eHealth can be determined to develop electronic health record system (Giachetti2016). The building block for the development of the required architecture has been discussed through the diagram mentioned below. The diagram shows the different components present in the system and the relationship among those systems. The building block described in the figure will help to get the overall overview of the architecture requires for the e-health record. The below diagram shows eHealth systems as a single entity that mainly concentrates on customer and health providers aspects. The leadership/governance is the layer in building blocks which is the primary requirement for the development of electronic health record system. The final outcome shows that electronic health record system development will help to improve health sector (Laudon and Laudon 2016). The discussion will be followed by the overview of the architecture regarding the diagram which is based on the building blocks. The overview diagram of the architecture of the proposed system shows the different components and their relationship along with the significance of the structure in order to deliver the accurate health record system. The architecture overview diagram is essential for determining the functional capabilities of any sector. The architecture overview diagram is formulated according to requirement of a sector. The determination of the functionality of the entities and the components present in the system can be evaluated through the overview of the diagram. The diagram regarding the overview of the architecture of the system includes the process of interaction and the presentation of the existing service. The data services for the development of electronic health record are given and the services integration consists of security and privacy services. The electronic health record system development for Australian federal Government describes the following functional capabilities to achiev e goals and objectives of the system. The first goal is to improve patient safety and to provide them a more secure and safe environment. The second goal is to provide efficient and effective services for health care to patients. The third goal is to facilitate management of sensitive data of patients, healthcare provider and doctors. The fourth goal is to facilitate integration of data and sharing of data securely among the healthcare providers. Logical form of Architecture The feasible development can be delivered by the e-health record system can be presented by the logical architecture and the functionality of the components. The major attributes and the their functionality helps to develop the logical view of the components provided in the electronic health record. The intended groups, framework modelers and engineers, are related with this diagram that helps to develop the entities for this diagram. The logical presentation of the diagram mentioned in the paper gives the description of the significance of the requirements in the system. The necessities related with the end entities/users requirements are given in the diagram to depict the functions and operation required to develop electronic health record system (Schwalbe 2015). The development of electronic health record uses enterprise data warehouse to broadcast and input the integral data for overall operation of electronic health record. This part of the enterprise architecture defines the requirements, planning and the significance of the data warehousing in the enterprise architecture. The main target of logical view diagram is to achieve the required goals for healthcare providers along with Federal Australia Government objectives for developing electronic health records. Diagram of Component Relationship The component relationship diagram shows the relationships among different components of requirements that are necessary to develop electronic health record system. The electronic health record system development requires various components and they are described through the given diagram (Stein and Morrison 2014). The components presented in the component relationship diagram can be easily figured out by the system developer, to understand the required functionality and operation process of the system to develop electronic health record. The given diagram is the outcome of combining logical view and architectural overview diagram which presents the connection of different components within the information system. The diagram that represents the interaction system between the components in the e-health record system has been provided in this paper. The components and the information provided in the diagram indicates the necessary steps for achieving the interactions between the components. These information is helpful for achieving the goals of the e-health record system. The presentation of the geographic distribution of the different nodes rae presented in the operational model. The diagram based on component model discussed in the previous section and it is formulated after the component model formulation. The operational model breaks the components into functional and non-featured components that are further used to convey the development of the system so that it can be appropriate with the requirement of clients (Whetzel and Wheaton 2016). The main objective off the operational model is to showcase the different operational functionalities associated with the e-health record system. It also showcases the possible outcome of this model against the given data. Some of the factors for the development of the electronic health record system are the head office, disaster recovery management of the front office and the back office associated with the system. Challenges in the System The challenges that are posed for data integration are given as follows. Barriers to implement electronic health record-The barriers to implement electronic health record system are various ranging from budget to deployment to security. The high budget to deploy and maintain with uncertainty in outcome poses the primary challenge. The other barriers are privacy and security where there is a risk of data breach. Barriers to learn the system and services- The understanding and learning factors is also a challenge where lack of knowledge about the system will hinder its deployment. The healthcare providers and patients, if lack knowledge of using electronic healthcare systems, they may see it as a challenge (Arndtet al.2017). The learning challenge will hinder participation of healthcare providers and patients. Barriers because of easy use- The electronic health record system may or may not provide expected health information delivery automatically. The stakeholders are generally unwilling to use the system due to unfamiliarity to the electronic health record system or some other reasons. Electronic health record system interoperability-The patients receiving treatment at two very different places will pose a challenge (Jamoom, Yang and Hing 2016.). The challenge to provide care for patients-centered is the main hindrance in deployment of electronic health record system. Reporting quality- The main challenge of the health care record management is regarding the interoperability. It also includes the quality measurement and managing the engagement of the patients. The quality reporting of information from electronic health record system are issue related to the certain strategies and the challenges associated with the strategies in the electronic health record system. Strategies those can be implemented The below are the strategies for the challenges posed by the electronic health record system development. Involvement of executive management and implementing efficient and effective controls and measures. Assuring of sufficient resources and components devoting to the project for better development and deployment of electronic health record system. Utilizing phased implementation for projects before its beginning and all the phases must be negotiated. Choosing effective vendor and vendor scope to provide help in developing electronic health record system. The changes are necessary and hence, to deal with the changes preparation is required. The prior planning for managing the changes of work flows due to electronic health record system is necessary. Conclusion The study shows about the implementation of the health record system using enterprise architecture. The proposes system is developed by the enterprise information architecture. The diagrams provided in the paper gives a clear description between the different components of the system. The main objective of using the enterprise architecture in the development of the health care record system is to deliver the sustainable outcome. It can be said that the of the accurate heat care record keeping system will have positive impact on the society. The different diagrams helps to provide different illustration of components, entities and relationships among the components and entities.The challenges and strategies to overcome these challenges are also provided. Therefore, it can be concluded that there are challenges with the development of electronic health record system and it should be managed with proper strategies. Recommendations for the improvisation Effective suggestions can be provided in order to improve the proposed process for the development of the health care record system. Some of these suggestions are- Leadership- The leadership plays an important role in successful implementation of HER system where effective leaders should be there to help in deploying the system. Identifying a project manager- A project manager should be there to manage the deployment and implementation of the system because it is the crucial part. Raising awareness- The awareness of electronic health record system must be raised and enthusiasm must be encouraged for the system among the participants. Staff training- The training of staff as well as patients should also be incorporated to make them aware and acknowledged about the system and its uses for better facilitation. Utilizing accurate resources- The accurate resources should be utilized for the deployment of electronic health record system because it is important to deploy an efficient and effective system. References Ahmad, E. and Brosio, G. eds., 2015.Handbook of Multilevel Finance. Edward Elgar Publishing. Andrus, M.R., Forrester, J.B., Germain, K.E. and Eiland, L.S., 2015. Accuracy of pharmacy benefit manager medication formularies in an electronic health record system and the Epocrates mobile application.Journal of managed care specialty pharmacy,21(4), pp.281-286. Arndt, B.G., Beasley, J.W., Watkinson, M.D., Temte, J.L., Tuan, W.J., Sinsky, C.A. and Gilchrist, V.J., 2017. Tethered to the EHR: primary care physician workload assessment using EHR event log data and time-motion observations.The Annals of Family Medicine,15(5), pp.419-426. Buede, D.M. and Miller, W.D., 2016.The engineering design of systems: models and methods. John Wiley Sons. Bussler, C., 2013.B2B integration: Concepts and architecture. Springer Science Business Media. Chang, J.F., 2016.Business process management systems: strategy and implementation. CRC Press. Charter, M. and Tischner, U. eds., 2017.Sustainable solutions: developing products and services for the future. Routledge. Galliers, R.D. and Leidner, D.E. eds., 2014.Strategic information management: challenges and strategies in managing information systems. Routledge. Giachetti, R.E., 2016.Design of enterprise systems: Theory, architecture, and methods. CRC Press. Goetsch, D.L. and Davis, S.B., 2014.Quality management for organizational excellence. Upper Saddle River, NJ: pearson. Jamoom, E., Yang, N. and Hing, E., 2016.Adoption of certified electronic health record systems and electronic information sharing in physician offices: United States, 2013 and 2014. US Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Health Statistics. Laudon, K.C. and Laudon, J.P., 2016.Management information system. Pearson Education India. Peppard, J. and Ward, J., 2016.The strategic management of information systems: Building a digital strategy. John Wiley Sons. Schwalbe, K., 2015.Information technology project management. Cengage Learning. Stein, B. and Morrison, A., 2014. The enterprise data lake: Better integration and deeper analytics.PwC Technology Forecast: Rethinking integration,1, pp.1-9. Whetzel, D.L. and Wheaton, G.R. eds., 2016.Applied measurement: industrial psychology in human resources management. Routledge.